Title: Transforming cyber security in modern power grids: the synergistic application of complex recurrent spectral network to address vulnerabilities and ensure resilience

Authors: Lalit Kumar Wadhwa; Prasad Baban Dhore; Atul B. Kathole; Vinod V. Kimbahune; Pooja A. Bagane; Amita Sanjiv Mirge

Addresses: School of Engineering, Ajeenkya D.Y. Patil University, Pune, India ' Department of Computer Engineering, Nutan Maharashtra Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pune, India ' Department of Computer Engineering, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pune, 411018, India ' Department of Computer Engineering, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pune, 411018, India ' Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune, India ' Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, 411044, India

Abstract: This paper proposes transforming cyber security in modern power grids through the synergistic application of complex recurrent spectral network to address vulnerabilities and ensure resilience (TCS-MPG-CRSN) to address cyber threats in power grids. It utilises an adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter (ATSUKF) for data quality assessment, cleaning, and normalisation. The pre-processed data is fed into the complex recurrent spectral network (CRSN) for identifying and classifying cyber-attacks. The TCS-MPG-CRSN model was implemented in Python and achieved 20.77%, 34.55%, and 26.11% higher accuracy, 33.47%, 24.55%, and 22.18% higher precision, and 19.22%, 14.39%, and 24.66% higher recall compared to cyber-security in power systems using meta-heuristic and deep learning algorithms (CS-PS-ANN), classification of intrusion cyber-attacks in smart power grids using deep ensemble learning with metaheuristic-based optimisation (ICA-SPG-GWO), and attack graph model for cyber-physical power systems using hybrid deep learning (AGM-CPPS-DCNN).

Keywords: adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter; complex recurrent spectral network; cyber-attack; smart grid; cyber security; modern power grids; attack classification.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.152430

International Journal of Power Electronics, 2026 Vol.22 No.2, pp.169 - 184

Received: 19 Nov 2024
Accepted: 25 Mar 2025
Published online: 19 Mar 2026 *

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