Title: Innovative energy control strategy for standalone SPV-DG-battery power systems employing fractional order PID controllers

Authors: Mohammed Azahar Ahmed; Gudavalli Madhavi; Vemulapalli Harika; Srinivas Nakka; Mahammed Majahar Hussain; Pothula Jagadeesh

Addresses: Department of EEE, SRKR Engineering College, Bhimavaram, India ' Department of EEE, Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India ' Department of EEE, Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, India ' Department of EEE, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad – 500072, India ' Department of EEE, King Khalid University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ' Department of EEE, SRKR Engineering College, Bhimavaram, India

Abstract: A standalone solar photovoltaic (SPV), diesel generator (DG), and battery pack unit (BPU) system is controlled using a new method. The setup uses a bidirectional inverter to connect the PCC to the DC bus and a DC-DC converter to connect the DC bus to the BPU. This study focuses on weather and partial shading-induced SPV output power oscillations. A control strategy using fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers for the inverter and DC-DC converter is developed to improve during disturbances. Management of the DC-DC converter ensures SPV, DG and BPU active power sharing. Even with imbalanced load situations, the inverter control maintains balanced PCC voltages and DG currents, reducing mechanical stress on the DG shaft and diesel consumption and the inverter sends reactive power to the load, reducing the DG's reactive power burden and fuel consumption. Comprehensive MATLAB and RTDS simulation support the proposed approach.

Keywords: solar PV; battery pack unit; BPU; diesel generator; fractional order PID controller; real-time digital simulator.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2026.151998

International Journal of Powertrains, 2026 Vol.15 No.1, pp.40 - 60

Received: 24 Sep 2025
Accepted: 11 Oct 2025
Published online: 02 Mar 2026 *

Full-text access for editors Full-text access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article