Title: Cyber-physical systems integration for effective e-government communication in Malaysia

Authors: Mohd Heikal Husin; Christie Pei-Yee Chin; Sharifah Mashita Syed-Mohamad; Nor Athiyah Abdullah; Aliyu Shehu Yakubu

Addresses: School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia ' Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Creative Advanced Machine Intelligence Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia ' Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, 21030, Malaysia ' School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia ' School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia

Abstract: Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) bridge physical and digital processes, offering transformative potential for e-government. This study investigates CPS-social media integration in Malaysian Government agencies, proposing a framework grounded in ten critical CPS characteristics. By engaging 30 participants across four ministries, findings revealed that CPS integration enhances real-time data analytics, scalable infrastructure, and secure interoperability, addressing fragmented communication and privacy risks. Key advancements include AI-driven insights, user-friendly interfaces, and policy compliance, improving operational efficiency and crisis responsiveness. Remarkably, 83.3% of participants endorsed CPS for streamlining decision-making, and 76.7% highlighted its role in crisis management - capabilities unattainable via traditional tools. The framework mitigates infrastructural and skill barriers, positioning CPS as pivotal for modernising Malaysia's e-governance. By aligning with national digital goals, it fosters public trust through ethical, data-driven governance. These insights offer actionable pathways for policymakers to prioritise CPS adoption, ensuring equitable service delivery.

Keywords: cyber-physical system; CPS; social media usage; government organisations; CPS characteristics; Malaysia.

DOI: 10.1504/EG.2026.151987

Electronic Government, an International Journal, 2026 Vol.22 No.2, pp.179 - 204

Received: 05 Feb 2024
Accepted: 25 Mar 2025
Published online: 02 Mar 2026 *

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