Title: Modelling the impacting of extreme snow and ice conditions on energy flow in integrated energy systems

Authors: Jian Wang; Hao Li; Zhanxi Zhang; Jieshan Shan; Fu Shen; Hongchun Shu; Yiming Han; Zilong Cai; Kaizheng Wang; Lei Kou

Addresses: Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Energy, Electric Power Measurement Digitalization, Control and Protection, Kunming, 650500, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Grid Fault Detection, Protection and Control Jointly, Kunming, 650500, China ' Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Energy, Electric Power Measurement Digitalization, Control and Protection, Kunming, 650500, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Grid Fault Detection, Protection and Control Jointly, Kunming, 650500, China ' Southern Power Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China ' Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Energy, Electric Power Measurement Digitalization, Control and Protection, Kunming, 650500, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Grid Fault Detection, Protection and Control Jointly, Kunming, 650500, China ' Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Energy, Electric Power Measurement Digitalization, Control and Protection, Kunming, 650500, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Grid Fault Detection, Protection and Control Jointly, Kunming, 650500, China ' Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Energy, Electric Power Measurement Digitalization, Control and Protection, Kunming, 650500, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Grid Fault Detection, Protection and Control Jointly, Kunming, 650500, China ' Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Green Energy, Electric Power Measurement Digitalization, Control and Protection, Kunming, 650500, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Grid Fault Detection, Protection and Control Jointly, Kunming, 650500, China ' Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China ' Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China ' State Key laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, 266061, China

Abstract: This paper proposes a novel framework for analysing the dynamic effects of extreme snow and ice (S&I) conditions on energy flow within integrated energy systems (IES). First, an enhanced IES framework is developed to strengthen the coupling between electricity, heat, gas systems, energy hubs, and renewable energy sources. Second, an improved transmission line icing failure model is introduced, considering the variations in icing thickness and the breaking force. Monte Carlo simulations and numerical calculations are applied to assess the impacts of extreme S&I events on energy flow in IES. A 64-bus case study illustrates the significant operational differences and safety risks arising from such extreme weather conditions. The proposed IES framework provides a comprehensive view of complex energy interactions and underscores the need for resilient systems.

Keywords: IES; integrated energy systems; dynamic energy flow; icing; transmission line ice failure.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCSM.2026.151973

International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics, 2026 Vol.23 No.1, pp.1 - 27

Received: 19 Jun 2025
Accepted: 20 Oct 2025
Published online: 28 Feb 2026 *

Full-text access for editors Full-text access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article