Title: Computational fluid dynamics-based analysis of seepage flow through concrete dam

Authors: Biri Singh; Anubhav Rawat

Addresses: Applied Mechanics Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh, India ' Applied Mechanics Department, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract: Seepage is an essential aspect of dam structural study. Finite element method (FEM) based models have so far been used to predict seepage behaviour under dams. In the current work, finite volume method (FVM) based computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is employed in a novel way because FVM is frequently more computationally efficient for solving the flow problems. The CFD model used in the current work could accurately capture the physics of seepage under concrete dams. A detailed parametric investigation is carried out to establish seepage flow analysis through the dam. The dam's depth and width are inversely proportional to the seepage rate, and seepage velocity varies linearly with the water level head. Further, sand layer arrangements of different porosities are made in the dam at various locations to judge the effect of porosity arrangement on seepage. Analysis of grout curtain width is also done at different positions and angles in the dam. It is found that the upstream side location of the dam is best suited for grout curtains for minimum seepage.

Keywords: seepage flow; computational fluid dynamic; CFD; concrete dam; sand porosity; grout curtain.

DOI: 10.1504/PCFD.2026.151111

Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal, 2026 Vol.26 No.1, pp.48 - 69

Received: 08 Oct 2024
Accepted: 03 Feb 2025
Published online: 14 Jan 2026 *

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