Title: Fuzzy PID control strategy optimised by sparrow search algorithm for digital proportional valve with differential control of dual high-speed on/off valves

Authors: Chunjie Xu; Fangwei Xie; Zuzhi Tian; Ziyan Zhao; Zibo Chen; Yumeng Li

Addresses: School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China ' School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China ' School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Mining Equipment China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China ' School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China ' School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China ' School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

Abstract: This study explores the potential of pilot-controlled digital valves in balancing high flow rates and fast response, focusing on suppressing spool oscillations for precise position control. A prototype and multi-physics simulation model of a digital proportional valve with differential control of dual high-speed on/off valves are developed. The motion characteristics of main spool under varying control frequencies and duty cycles are analysed. A differential control method to reduce oscillation is proposed, along with a fuzzy PID control strategy optimised by the sparrow search algorithm to adaptively adjust the duty cycle difference. Simulation results show that, under the SSA-FPID control, the valve spool position step response rise time decreases by 38.2%, the steady-state average absolute error reduces by 16.1%, and the tracking error under typical excitations is under 0.10 mm. Experimental verification confirms the effectiveness of the control strategy, offering insights for valve design, optimisation, and control.

Keywords: digital proportional valve; spool oscillation characteristics; high-speed on/off valve; differential control; fuzzy PID; sparrow search algorithm.

DOI: 10.1504/IJHM.2025.150807

International Journal of Hydromechatronics, 2025 Vol.8 No.4, pp.444 - 467

Received: 19 Apr 2025
Accepted: 08 Aug 2025
Published online: 23 Dec 2025 *

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