Title: Advancements and challenges in modular multilevel converter topologies for medium voltage applications

Authors: Trilochan Penthia

Addresses: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar – 800005, India

Abstract: High-power converters are crucial for industrial applications, with modular multilevel converters (MMC) gaining prominence for medium- and high-voltage systems. MMCs offer superior efficiency, scalability, and modularity compared to traditional converters, making them ideal for diverse applications. This paper classifies MMC topologies into four key groups: AC-DC, DC-AC, DC-DC, and AC-AC. Each topology presents distinct operational challenges, including efficiency optimisation, reliability enhancement, and control complexity. These challenges vary based on the application and power conversion requirements. The review provides a detailed analysis of these aspects, highlighting their impact on performance in high-power applications. It also examines significant advancements and identifies ongoing challenges in the field. The insights presented aim to guide future research and development, promoting optimisation and broader adoption of MMC technologies in industrial systems. This study contributes to advancing sustainable energy solutions and supports the evolution of MMCs for medium- and high-power industrial applications.

Keywords: modular multilevel converter; medium-voltage; power conversions; converter topologies.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.149604

International Journal of Power Electronics, 2025 Vol.21 No.6, pp.577 - 609

Received: 27 Dec 2024
Accepted: 06 Apr 2025
Published online: 07 Nov 2025 *

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