Title: Hub-and-spoke network design: disruption mitigation and resilience enhancement

Authors: Dengyuhui Li; Dongning Liu; Jianbin Jiao; Shouyang Wang; Guanghui Zhou

Addresses: School of Logistics, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, China; School of Economics and Management, School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China ' School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China ' School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ' Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Centre for Forecasting Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Economics and Management, MOE Social Science Laboratory of Digital Economic Forecasts and Policy Simulation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Entrepreneurship and Management, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China ' School of Economics and Management, MOE Social Science Laboratory of Digital Economic Forecasts and Policy Simulation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Abstract: As maritime uncertainty escalates, the unpredictable disruptions pose serious challenges to optimisation decisions. This study aims to design a hub-and-spoke network considering disruption mitigation and resilience enhancement. The patterns of complete or partial disruption of pivotal nodes and connecting paths in a network are analysed, and resilience strategies considering absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capabilities are discussed. A bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming optimisation model is constructed that considers allocation and reinforcement decisions before disruptions and restoration decisions after disruptions, with the minimum economic cost and maximum resilience level. Subsequently, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is proposed, which includes a two-stage initial population generation method and self-adaptive local search strategies. Numerical experiments validate that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively enhance the system resilience while optimising the economic cost. Furthermore, a case study is presented in the context of the Asia-Europe trade corridor. Sensitivity analyses and managerial insights are also provided.

Keywords: maritime transport; international supply chain; hub-and-spoke network; disruption; resilience.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSTL.2025.149591

International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2025 Vol.21 No.4, pp.467 - 504

Received: 18 Jul 2024
Accepted: 06 Apr 2025
Published online: 07 Nov 2025 *

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