Title: From principle to action: applying the precautionary principle to agricultural biotechnology

Authors: Katherine Barrett, Carolyn Raffensperger

Addresses: Science and Environmental Health Network, Faculty of Law and Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3060, BC, V8W 3RY, Canada. Science and Environmental Health Network, Faculty of Law and Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3060, BC, V8W 3RY, Canada

Abstract: The precautionary principle advises that we take measures to avoid harm to the environment and public health even when there is scientific uncertainty regarding the nature and extent of harms that may result. The principle is rapidly evolving and gaining status in national and international law. We review four key elements included in all interpretations of the precautionary principle to date. We further outline eight procedural elements required to implement the principle in specific cases: goal setting; alternatives assessment; transparent, open decision-making processes; defining parameters of harm; uncertainty analysis; shifting the burden of proof; learning and adaptation and precautionary action.

Keywords: precautionary principle; biotechnology; genetically modified organisms; agriculture; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.

DOI: 10.1504/IJBT.2002.000176

International Journal of Biotechnology, 2002 Vol.4 No.1, pp.4-17

Published online: 13 Jul 2003 *

Full-text access for editors Full-text access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article