Title: Renewable, clean energy: the petroleum footprint - wind farms under analysis
Authors: Elías Jorge Matta
Addresses: Instituto de Tecnología Celulósica, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2654, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) UNL-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Guemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology to assess projects for the generation of clean, renewable energy. Such methodology is applied here to estimate the consumption of fossil fuels (referred to as 'oil'), required for the construction, operation and maintenance of a wind farm consisting of 97 turbines of 3 MW each. Results show that such consumption represents a conservative 8-9% of the total energy generated by the farm in 20 years of useful life. The need to include in the efficiency of the farm the 'unavoidable unintentional damage' to the population and its habitat, caused primarily by emissions related to the oil consumed is posed. Even though the efficiency of the wind farm is really acceptable as well as likely to be improved, the oil footprint is worryingly high. This raises serious questions as to the efficiency and feasibility of other renewable energies, particularly regarding the production of biofuels.
Keywords: wind turbines; wind farms; petroleum footprint; energy balance; net energy; environmental issues; renewable energy; clean energy; wind energy; wind power; fossil fuel consumption; oil consumption; emissions; oil footprint.
DOI: 10.1504/IJENVH.2012.049329
International Journal of Environment and Health, 2012 Vol.6 No.2, pp.111 - 124
Published online: 30 Sep 2012 *
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