Title: Crowdsourcing of inventive activities: definition and limits

Authors: Julien Pénin; Thierry Burger-Helmchen

Addresses: BETA, CNRS-UMR 7522, Faculty of Economic and Management, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ' BETA, CNRS-UMR 7522, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; EM Strasbourg Business School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is twofold: First we define the concept of Crowdsourcing of Inventive Activities (CIA) and we emphasise its differences with the crowdsourcing of routine activities and the crowdsourcing of content. Then we stress the advantages and limits of CIA by using two complementary theories of the firm: Transaction cost theory and the evolutionary theory of the firm. Specifically, we show that CIA may emerge only if knowledge is sufficiently codified and if a legal protection is possible (e.g. via patents). This work therefore builds theoretical predictions that can be tested in further works. Beyond this analysis, our work underlines issues for the traditional theories of the firm that will have to be clarified: for instance, does the emergence of crowdsourcing lead to rethinking the reasons why firms exist and the definition of their boundaries?

Keywords: crowdsourcing; knowledge; know-how; governance; transaction cost theory; evolutionary theories of the firm; inventive activities; innovation; legal protection; patents.

DOI: 10.1504/IJISD.2011.043068

International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 2011 Vol.5 No.2/3, pp.246 - 263

Received: 04 Nov 2010
Accepted: 05 Aug 2011

Published online: 13 Oct 2011 *

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