Title: Sustainable sampling of native bromeliads for environmental monitoring

Authors: Camila Elias, Elisabete A. De Nadai Fernandes, Elvis J. Franca, Marcio A. Bacchi

Addresses: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, P.O. Box 97, 13416-970, Brazil. ' Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, P.O. Box 97, 13416-970, Brazil. ' Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, P.O. Box 97, 13416-970, Brazil. ' Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, P.O. Box 97, 13416-970, Brazil

Abstract: By analysing the leaves of bromeliads, the availability of chemical elements in the atmosphere can be assessed. However, sampling steps affect the reliability of using such plants for environmental quality studies. This paper describes a novel and sustainable sampling methodology for conservation units, in which small discs (6 mm diameter) of bromeliad leaves could be taken without removing rosettes. Bromeliad leaf discs were sampled from the top, middle and bottom positions of the rosettes. For comparison, the whole rosettes were also analysed by the k0 method and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Considering the 11 bromeliad species evaluated, the results of sustainable sampling compared with usual sampling (after milling and sub-sampling) did not demonstrate significant differences at the 95% confidence level for Br, Cs, K, Na, Rb, Sc and Zn. Consequently, sustainable sampling was considered to be reliable at the current level of studies for environmental quality assessment.

Keywords: natural areas; background; INAA; instrumental neutron activation analysis; active biomonitoring; passive biomonitoring; sustainable sampling; native bromeliads; environmental monitoring; chemical elements; air pollution; air quality.

DOI: 10.1504/IJENVH.2010.033709

International Journal of Environment and Health, 2010 Vol.4 No.2/3, pp.216 - 223

Published online: 29 Jun 2010 *

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