Title: What determines end-of-life outcomes for consumer products? Insights from the Japanese experience

Authors: Y. Ogushi, M. Kandlikar, H. Dowlatabadi

Addresses: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 4th Floor, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ' Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, 229–1955 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. ' Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 4th Floor, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Abstract: Consumer products are increasingly the focus of regulations aimed at reducing their end-of-life environmental impacts. Products can vary along many dimensions – technological complexity, physical durability, rate of technological change and material characteristics. These attributes interact in complex ways with the market and with regulations obviating any straightforward relationship between product types and end-of-life outcomes related to reuse, remanufacturing, recycling and disposal. Comparative case studies of product types help in understanding these interactions. This paper does a comparative case study of five categories of products in the Japanese market: photocopiers, household appliances, disposable cameras, personal computers and automobiles. It identifies four drivers of end-of-life outcomes – product attributes, after-market demand, reverse logistics and recovery technologies – and examines the way in which these attributes interact to produce different end-of-life outcomes.

Keywords: life cycle management; LCM; product recovery; product reuse; remanufacturing; recycling; disposal; consumer products; industrial ecology; Japan; end-of-life products; EOL products; environmental impact; product types; photocopiers; household appliances; disposable cameras; personal computers; PCs; automobiles; product attributes; after-market demand; reverse logistics; recovery technologies.

DOI: 10.1504/PIE.2008.021924

Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal, 2008 Vol.5 No.4, pp.361 - 387

Published online: 09 Dec 2008 *

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