Title: The potential and challenges of generative artificial intelligence in empowering project-based STEM instructional plan

Authors: Yixin Li; Haozhe Jiang

Addresses: College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China ' College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Abstract: This article explores the applications and challenges of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in instructional planning for Project-Based Learning in STEM education. In recent years, GAI has enhanced efficiency by generating interdisciplinary teaching content, reducing teacher workload, and inspiring innovative ideas, leading to its increasingly widespread application in content creation and lesson planning. However, GAI still has limitations in the reliability of generated content, especially in complex educational settings. Therefore, effective use of GAI requires educators to have strong information literacy and technical skills to evaluate and refine outputs. The article concludes that GAI will promote deeper integration of technology and subject knowledge in STEM, paving the way for innovative teaching approaches. Future research should further investigate the effectiveness of AI-generated content and develop prompt engineering methods tailored to educational needs.

Keywords: generative artificial intelligence; STEM education; project-based learning; instructional plan.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSMARTTL.2025.150927

International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning, 2025 Vol.4 No.4, pp.297 - 306

Received: 25 Nov 2024
Accepted: 19 Dec 2024
Published online: 05 Jan 2026 *

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