Title: WSN-based distributed collaborative sensing for consistency evaluation of a photovoltaic energy storage battery cluster

Authors: Yujin Xiang; Chen Liang; Chen Yuan; Wujun Kui; Guiwen Zhang

Addresses: Jiuquan Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Jiuquan 735000, China ' Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Lanzhou 730070, China ' Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Lanzhou 730070, China ' Dunhuang Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Dunhuang 736200, China ' Dunhuang Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Dunhuang 736200, China

Abstract: Photovoltaic energy storage systems typically convert solar energy into electricity via photovoltaic cells. However, in practical applications, parameter variations among individual cells within battery clusters often lead to uneven energy distribution and reduced system efficiency. Simultaneously, the inherent intermittency and volatility of photovoltaic power generation exacerbate challenges in maintaining stable energy supply. To address this, this paper first designs an energy-sensing unit and corresponding sensing strategy. By adopting a hybrid storage architecture combining photovoltaic cells and supercapacitors, the system enhances transient energy buffering capabilities and reduces power conversion losses. Furthermore, a mathematical model for wireless sensor network energy scheduling constrained by battery cluster consistency was established and solved using a multi-layer iterative decoupling optimisation method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 98.3% energy utilisation rate, effectively mitigates the impact of photovoltaic storage fluctuations on the network, and significantly enhances system energy efficiency.

Keywords: wireless sensor network; WSN; photovoltaic energy storage batteries; energy harvesting; dispatch optimisation; iterative decoupling.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSNET.2025.150865

International Journal of Sensor Networks, 2025 Vol.49 No.4, pp.270 - 285

Received: 20 Sep 2025
Accepted: 23 Sep 2025
Published online: 24 Dec 2025 *

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