Title: Constitutional protections in utilising artificial intelligence systems for investigating and inferring crimes: a comparative study

Authors: Ashraf Fathi Al-Rai; Nayel Musa AlOmran

Addresses: Midocean University, P.O. Box 5112, Fujairah, UAE ' Department of Legal Studies, Zayed University, P.O. Box 19282, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Abstract: This paper explores the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in investigating and deducing crimes and examines their impact on constitutional and legislative guarantees. With the rise of AI entities committing crimes using advanced systems. However, it can be used like any other technical system in the investigation and reasoning process. The problem arises in how to apply constitutional guarantees to the accused when AI systems investigate and deduce the crime. The paper reveals that there are no constitutional or legislative texts in Jordan related to the use of AI systems during the investigation and inference phase of crimes. Although many countries use AI systems for data and information collection, such as the USA, Britain, Germany, and the United Arab Emirates, they have not yet used them legally in the inference, investigation, and investigation processes through AI itself.

Keywords: constitutional; guarantees; artificial intelligence; investigation; reasoning; crimes.

DOI: 10.1504/IJESDF.2026.150188

International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics, 2026 Vol.18 No.1, pp.108 - 124

Received: 21 Oct 2023
Accepted: 21 Dec 2023
Published online: 03 Dec 2025 *

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