Title: A proposed framework for the detection of cyber threats using open-source intelligence tools in real-time

Authors: Ravi Sheth; Chandresh Parekha

Addresses: Rashtriya Raksha University, Lavad, Dahegam, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India ' Rashtriya Raksha University, Lavad, Dahegam, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Abstract: In today's fast-changing digital world, getting accurate and relevant information is crucial for cybersecurity, competitive analysis, and research. With open-source intelligence (OSINT) technology, social media and digital platforms have become significant data sources. Our research will compare different OSINT systems for data collection. We'll examine various OSINT tools, categorise them based on functionality, usability, and effectiveness, including web scrapers, social media analytics, domain analysers, and search engines. Each tool will undergo evaluation based on data collection capabilities, result accuracy, module availability, and user-friendliness. It aims to assist individuals – be they sufferers, academics, or practitioners – in making informed decisions when selecting open-source intelligence (OSINT) tools for information extraction. We have provided a detailed comparison of their capabilities and limitations, along with ethical considerations, for using OSINT tools effectively and responsibly in various applications and the proposed cyber threat alert system in this paper.

Keywords: template OSINT; information gathering; web scanner; search engine; cyber security.

DOI: 10.1504/IJESDF.2025.149329

International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics, 2025 Vol.17 No.6, pp.725 - 747

Received: 29 Dec 2023
Accepted: 04 Mar 2024
Published online: 27 Oct 2025 *

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