Title: A literature review on artificial intelligence and healthcare management

Authors: Esther Hwang; Yujong Hwang

Addresses: DePaul University, 1 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604, USA ' DePaul University, 1 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604, USA

Abstract: The purpose of artificial intelligence (AI) is to create an algorithm that functions autonomously to find the solutions to questions. However, the results that AI makes can lead to social biases and other selectivity issues. The social biases include negative statements to ethnic minority groups, gender biases, and cultural biases. Due to this reason, there is a research gap of AI and healthcare management such as AI biases and human-AI interaction. Thus, the goal of this literature review is to comprehensively examine the interaction of AI and users (patients who are in their mid or late-thirties, White, and live in the USA) specifically in the clinical healthcare environment to further enhance the usability of patients and AI.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; healthcare management; literature review; social bias; gender bias; cultural bias.

DOI: 10.1504/IJAIH.2025.149248

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare, 2025 Vol.1 No.1, pp.48 - 59

Received: 27 Nov 2024
Accepted: 03 May 2025
Published online: 20 Oct 2025 *