Title: Investigating and validating the critical risk factors in PPP: confirmatory factor analysis of the Indian road sector

Authors: MohammedShakil S. Malek; Rupesh Vasani; Viral Bhatt

Addresses: F.D. (Mubin) Institute of Engineering and Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India ' SAL Institute of Technological Engineering Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India ' SAL Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Abstract: Critical risk factors (CRFs) may considerably impact PPP project success, hence they must be recognised and analysed. This study examines how private and public sectors affect PPP road project performance at different stages of development and throughout the construction life cycle. The literature review and survey of private and public professionals to identify and verify CRFs may provide insights from industry experts. CFA may disclose PPP road project dynamics by comparing the six phases and private and public sectors. The study's findings that building project phases positively affect public and private sectors' CRFs may help professionals focus on essential aspects to increase PPP road project efficiency. A mitigation handbook for avoiding and correcting issues may result from the study. Risk allocation, project management, and PPP success increase with this study. The study discusses Indian PPP road projects and the need of locating and assessing CRFs.

Keywords: public-private partnership; PPP; confirmatory factor analysis; CFA; critical risk factors; CRFs; roads; AMOS.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCIS.2025.149107

International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 2025 Vol.21 No.5, pp.433 - 454

Received: 28 Feb 2024
Accepted: 09 Apr 2024
Published online: 14 Oct 2025 *

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