Title: Covid-19: a comprehensive study of the emergence, impact, diagnosis, treatment, challenges, and future perspectives

Authors: G. Prabakaran; K. Jayanthi

Addresses: Department of Computer and Information Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India ' Department of Computer Application, Government Arts College, C-Mutlur, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608102, India

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected millions of people worldwide and has become a major global public health challenge. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on COVID-19, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. The paper focuses on the various diagnostic techniques used for COVID-19, including molecular, antigen, antibody, and imaging tests, and provides a comparison of their advantages and limitations. The review also discusses the various treatment options for COVID-19, including antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, and supportive care. Furthermore, the paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations, such as elderly individuals, immunocompromised patients, and individuals with underlying medical conditions. Finally, the review highlights the current challenges and future perspectives for COVID-19 research, including the development of effective vaccines and strategies for pandemic preparedness.

Keywords: COVID-19; epidemiology; pathophysiology; immunocompromised; diagnosis; treatment.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSSE.2025.148730

International Journal of System of Systems Engineering, 2025 Vol.15 No.4, pp.371 - 386

Received: 09 May 2023
Accepted: 04 Jun 2023
Published online: 22 Sep 2025 *

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