Title: A multi-factor framework for transformational government in Tanzania: an empirical analysis of implementation determinants

Authors: D.M. Lashayo; J.R.A. Mhina; E.M. Kwesigabo

Addresses: Faculty of Computing and Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Studies, Institute of Finance Management (IFM), P.O. Box 3918, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ' Faculty of Computing and Mathematics, Department of Computer Science, Institute of Finance Management (IFM), P.O. Box 3918, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ' Faculty of Computing and Mathematics, Department of Information Technology, Institute of Finance Management (IFM), P.O. Box 3918, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Abstract: Transformational government (T-Gov) represents an advanced stage of electronic government (e-Gov), designed to deliver proactive, predictive, and integrated public services. Governments worldwide are increasingly adopting T-Gov to enhance digital governance and service delivery. However, despite significant investments in digital transformation, its implementation in developing countries, including Tanzania, remains challenging. This study develops and empirically tests a multi-factor framework for implementing T-Gov in Tanzania by identifying key determinants influencing its adoption and effectiveness. A quantitative approach was employed, utilising structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse survey data from a randomly collected sample of 1370 Tanzanian e-service users. The findings indicate that a framework comprising seven key factors effectively explains T-Gov implementation in Tanzania. The results underscore the necessity of integrating multiple factors for successful T-Gov adoption. Based on these findings, policy and practical implications are discussed, and future research directions are proposed to refine and expand the framework for broader applicability.

Keywords: T-Gov; transformational government; digital governance; e-Gov; electronic government; SmartPLS; SEM; structural equation modelling; digital innovation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEG.2025.148172

International Journal of Electronic Governance, 2025 Vol.17 No.2, pp.161 - 185

Received: 31 Jan 2025
Accepted: 25 May 2025
Published online: 27 Aug 2025 *

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