Title: Safety plan modelling for resource-constrained construction projects to optimise cost, time, and safety risk

Authors: Ali Akbar Shafikhani; Mostafa Pouyakian; Amir Abbas Najafi; Behrouz Afshar-Nadjafi; Amir Kavousi

Addresses: Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ' Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ' Department of Industrial Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ' Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin, Iran ' Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: The intense competition to achieve project goals has increased due to limited resources in construction projects. No studies have compared the trade-off between time, cost, and safety while considering resource and equipment constraints. Equipment constraints may affect project scheduling and increase safety risks. Therefore, a project scheduling model that considers equipment constraints, time, cost, and safety risks is needed. This study aims to optimise cost, time, and safety risk by modelling safety plans in project scheduling problems with resource constraints. By solving this model, feasible solutions for time, cost, and safety risk trade-offs are provided. In addition, the model could also evaluate the risks of project activity, the risk of equipment and overtime, and minimise the overall safety risk of the project.

Keywords: safety risks; equipment planning; project-scheduling; construction; RCPSP; NSGA-II.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCIS.2025.146879

International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 2025 Vol.21 No.3, pp.228 - 251

Received: 09 Mar 2024
Accepted: 23 Jul 2024
Published online: 24 Jun 2025 *

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