Title: Determinants of CO₂ emissions in ASEAN: a quantitative research on the role of tourism

Authors: Ly Hoang Phu; Vo Huyen Bao Anh; Phạm Ngoc Trang; Ha Anh Thao; Phạm Hồng Nhung

Addresses: Faculty of International Economics, Foreign Trade University, No. 91, Chua Lang Street, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, Hanoi, 11500, Vietnam ' Faculty of International Economics, Foreign Trade University, No. 91, Chua Lang Street, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, Hanoi, 11500, Vietnam ' School of Economics and International Business, Foreign Trade University, No. 91, Chua Lang Street, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, Hanoi, 11500, Vietnam ' Faculty of Business English, Foreign Trade University, No. 91, Chua Lang Street, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, Hanoi, 11500, Vietnam ' Faculty of Business English, Foreign Trade University, No. 91, Chua Lang Street, Lang Thuong, Dong Da, Hanoi, 11500, Vietnam

Abstract: The study explores the factors affecting CO₂ emissions in ASEAN countries in the period 2012-2017. OLS linear regression analysis method as well as REM model with panel data are used to analyse the relationship between factors affecting CO₂ emissions. Research shows that GDP per capita, fossil fuel consumption, trade openness, total household spending, and tourism revenue exert a positive impact on CO₂ emissions. However, the degree of the intensity of energy use and urbanisation have a negative effect on CO₂ emissions. The latter factor reversely affects CO₂ emission as well. In contrast to the intensity of energy use and urbanisation, tourism positively relates to CO₂ emission due to the construction and operation of tourist attractions and accompanying goods and services serving tourists during their trips. In addition, the research team also proposed policies to reduce CO₂ emissions for ASEAN countries.

Keywords: CO₂ emissions; carbon dioxide emissions; ASEAN; tourism; GDP per capita; fossil fuel consumption; trade openness; total household spending; tourism revenue; energy efficiency; urbanisation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2024.142564

International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2024 Vol.74 No.1/2/3/4, pp.172 - 197

Received: 08 Dec 2023
Accepted: 13 May 2024
Published online: 08 Nov 2024 *

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