Title: Modelling of decarbonised global and local supply chain network for material-based greenhouse gas emission and costs with COVID-19 disruption and trans-Pacific partnership

Authors: Takaki Nagao; Hiromasa Ijuin; Keisuke Nagasawa; Tetsuo Yamada

Addresses: Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan ' Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan ' Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan ' Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan

Abstract: COVID-19 has caused a negative impact and disruption on a global supply chain. The global supply chain is affected by many factors, such as disruption, customs duty, requirements for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and trans-pacific partnership (TPP), which is a free trade agreement. A sustainable supply chain needs to reduce material-based GHG emission and total costs. However, GHG emission varies across countries because of the energy mix. Therefore, the impact of disruption and different GHG emission levels should be considered in the global supply chain design. This study models and analyses a decarbonised global and local supply chain network under conditions such as GHG regulation, COVID-19 supplier disruption and customs duty scheme by TPP, so as to minimise total material-based GHG emission and total cost by integer programming with ε constraint. Then, the results are discussed in terms of localisation, cost, GHG, and disruption.

Keywords: global warming; integer programming; ε constraint method; life cycle assessment; LCA; customs duty; bill of materials; BOM.

DOI: 10.1504/IJCISTUDIES.2022.129017

International Journal of Computational Intelligence Studies, 2022 Vol.11 No.3/4, pp.200 - 233

Received: 16 Mar 2022
Accepted: 25 Jul 2022
Published online: 14 Feb 2023 *

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