Title: Research innovation and commercialisation incentives on the beginning and development of engineering education in the West and in Turkey

Authors: Mustafa Özilgen

Addresses: Food Engineering Department, Yeditepe University, 34755 Kayisdagi, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract: Research, innovation and commercialisation loop runs infinitely under global effects and describes the influence of every contributor of the process, including the engineers who run it, the materials and the standards. England benefited the most from the discovery of the steam engine. Turkey learned about the consequences of the European technological advances in the battle fields and suffered the most, because of its proximity to the West, and then made efforts to keep up with the new technology. India and China were also among the losers. Japan did not lose as much, due to its far away geography.

Keywords: feed-back control loop; research; innovation and commercialisation loop; training of the engineers; competition between countries; Turkey.

DOI: 10.1504/IJRIC.2022.125896

International Journal of Research, Innovation and Commercialisation, 2022 Vol.4 No.1, pp.52 - 62

Received: 06 Apr 2022
Received in revised form: 14 May 2022
Accepted: 04 Jun 2022
Published online: 03 Oct 2022 *