Title: The challenges of parachute design: the development of a low cost, fit for purpose trauma pack for use in Namibia

Authors: Clara Watkins; Steve Gill; Gareth Loudon; Judith Hall; Matthew Carwardine; Chen Wen Ngua; John Jackson

Addresses: Cardiff School of Art and Design, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK ' Research & Innovation Services Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK ' School of Design, Royal College of Art, London, SW7 2EU ' School of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia ' Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, Grange University Hospital in Cwmbran, Cwmbran, UK ' Department of Examination and Emergency, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK ' Department of Anaesthetics, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK

Abstract: This paper presents lessons learnt and recommendations for future studies attempting to apply a parachute design approach to design for Namibia. The focus of this project is the development of a low cost, fit for purpose trauma pack for use in Namibia. The project was undertaken by an interdisciplinary team of medics, designers and engineers in an effort to reduce high mortality rates that occur as a result of road traffic collisions in Namibia. The pack was developed through applying a human centred design (HCD) approach that calls upon Design Thinking and end-user engagement. The key focus of the paper is a design development process that responded to key findings from user testing and design for manufacture requirements. The design was guided by the World Health Organisation's (2010) Four A's: accessibility, availability, affordability and appropriateness.

Keywords: design thinking; HCD; human centred design; healthcare; Namibia; first responder; trauma care.

DOI: 10.1504/JDR.2022.125874

Journal of Design Research, 2022 Vol.20 No.1, pp.1 - 34

Accepted: 15 Nov 2021
Published online: 30 Sep 2022 *