Title: Gender, family and cultural perspectives on venture growth aspirations

Authors: Khalid El Ouazzani; José L. González-Pernía; Andrés Jung; Iñaki Peña-Legazkue

Addresses: Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco ' Deusto Business School, University of Deusto, Donostia, Spain ' Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay ' Deusto Business School, University of Deusto, Donostia, Spain

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyse how family and cultural context conditions shape the role of gender in venture growth aspirations. Rather than actual growth, we examine the expectations of growth of early-stage entrepreneurs in the intersection of gender and two different contexts: the family context (i.e., family-owned or/and family-managed vs. non-family ventures) and the cultural environment context (i.e., traditional vs. secular-rational cultures). Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data from two representative countries of traditional and secular-rational cultures, namely, Morocco and Spain, our findings suggest that both family and culture contexts moderate the growth aspirations of female entrepreneurs. Thus, while growth aspirations, in general, are weaker for women compared to those for men, both a family-managed organisational context and a traditional cultural context positively moderate the lower growth aspirations of female entrepreneurs. These results are expected to provide useful guidance to policy makers and families interested in promoting growth-aspiring female entrepreneurs.

Keywords: venture growth aspirations; female entrepreneurs; family firms; cultural context.

DOI: 10.1504/EJIM.2021.117116

European Journal of International Management, 2021 Vol.16 No.2, pp.332 - 357

Received: 06 May 2019
Accepted: 01 Feb 2020
Published online: 18 Aug 2021 *

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