Title: Analysis of phenols in wastewater using capillary electrophoresis and solid phase extraction

Authors: Imran Ali, V.K. Gupta, V.K. Saini, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein

Addresses: National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247 667, Uttranchal, India. ' Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttranchal, India. ' Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttranchal, India. ' Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt

Abstract: A solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for phenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 4-cyanophenol from the wastewater. The recoveries were 95%, 93%, 92% and 90% for phenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 4-cyanophenol, respectively. The elution was carried out by methanol (1 mL) at 0.25 mL/min. flow rate. The optimisation of SPE was achieved by using different eluting solvents, pH of wastewater, flow rates and other factors. Validation of the developed methodology was carried out using Microsoft Excel program. Possible mechanisms were presented for SPE of phenols.

Keywords: solid phase extraction; SPE; phenols; 4-nitrophenol; 4-chlorophenol; 4-cyanophenol; optimisation; wastewater treatment; capillary electrophoresis.

DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2006.010456

International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2006 Vol.27 No.1/2/3, pp.95 - 103

Published online: 24 Jul 2006 *

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