Title: An entropy-based resource allocation method for minimising project uncertainty under time, budget, and quality constraints

Authors: Chiu-Chi Wei; Meng-Ling Chang

Addresses: Chung Hua University, Taiwan, ROC ' Chung Hua University, Taiwan, ROC

Abstract: Managing uncertainty and resource allocation is a critical challenge in modern project management. Projects often face constrained resources, complex interdependencies, and unpredictable variables that can result in delays, cost overruns, and compromised quality. Traditional resource allocation methods typically emphasise scheduling and levelling but do not adequately address systemic uncertainty, also known as project entropy. This study introduces a novel mathematical model that quantifies project entropy as a function of both resource allocation and activity uncertainty. The model enables the allocation of multiple resource types in a way that minimises entropy and enhances project predictability, efficiency, and quality. A case study was conducted to validate the model, demonstrating its effectiveness in allocating resources toward high-risk activities and reducing uncertainty without exceeding time or budget constraints. This approach not only advances theoretical understanding of project entropy but also provides practical tools for project managers to systematically address uncertainty and optimise resource use throughout a project's lifecycle.

Keywords: project entropy; resource allocation; project uncertainty; mathematical model.

DOI: 10.1504/IJADS.2026.156115

International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences, 2026 Vol.19 No.5, pp.506 - 529

Received: 24 Apr 2025
Accepted: 28 Jul 2025
Published online: 04 Sep 2026 *

Full-text access for editors Full-text access for subscribers Purchase this article Comment on this article