Title: Spectrum sensing using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with acoustic energy harvesting

Authors: Faisal Alanazi

Addresses: Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: This paper investigates a novel spectrum sensing framework that integrates reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) and acoustic energy harvesting in a cognitive radio environment. Specifically, a primary user (PU) harvests ambient acoustic energy to power its data transmission to a primary destination. The transmitted signal is reflected by a strategically placed RIS and subsequently received at the secondary user (SU), which performs spectrum sensing using an energy detection technique. The proposed system model captures the interplay between acoustic energy harvesting dynamics, RIS-assisted signal reflection, and the impact on the detection performance of the energy detector at the SU. Analytical expressions for detection probability are derived, taking into account acoustic energy harvesting. Simulation results validate the analytical findings and demonstrate the potential of the proposed architecture to enable efficient and green spectrum sensing in energy-constrained environments.

Keywords: spectrum sensing; reconfigurable intelligent surfaces; RIS; acoustic energy harvesting.

DOI: 10.1504/IJAHUC.2026.155454

International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing, 2026 Vol.52 No.3, pp.158 - 165

Received: 08 Jun 2025
Accepted: 16 Dec 2025
Published online: 03 Aug 2026 *

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