Title: Securing renewable energy supply chains: challenges and opportunities for information security

Authors: Al-Amin Abba Dabo; Amin Hosseinian-Far; Olalekan Adisa

Addresses: University of Northampton, Waterside Campus, University Dr, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK ' University of Hertfordshire, De Havilland Campus, Mosquito Way, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK ' York St. Johns University, 6th Floor, Export Building, 1 Clove Cres, London E14 2BA, UK

Abstract: This paper explores the information security challenges and opportunities in renewable energy supply chains as they integrate advanced technologies from Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Through a review of existing literature and industry insights, it identifies key sensitive data types at risk, such as intellectual property, operational data, and business strategies. The study highlights how the risk levels vary between Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 and examines the potential consequences of cyber-attacks, data breaches, and regulatory non-compliance. It also outlines opportunities to enhance security using advanced technologies, risk management strategies, and industry collaboration, offering valuable insights for stakeholders in the renewable energy sector.

Keywords: renewable energy; supply chains; renewable supply chains; supply chain disruption; Industry 5.0; Industry 4.0; information security; cyber-attacks.

DOI: 10.1504/IJESDF.2026.155003

International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics, 2026 Vol.18 No.4, pp.407 - 433

Received: 06 Jul 2023
Accepted: 19 Aug 2024
Published online: 22 Jul 2026 *

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