Article: Entrepreneurial perception and start-up culture in Jammu & Kashmir: a demographic analysis Journal: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business (IJESB) 2026 Vol.58 No.2 pp.224 - 256 Abstract: This study examines entrepreneurial perceptions of start-up culture in Jammu & Kashmir, India, through a survey of 211 entrepreneurs across ten districts. Key dimensions examined include infrastructure development, access to finance, education and skills, government policies, perceptions of risk and failure, market access and political stability, analysed through demographic lenses of gender and age. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we collected data using a structured questionnaire administered to entrepreneurs through multistage cluster sampling and analysed using SPSS and SEM. The results highlight significant gender and age-based differences and emphasise the need for inclusive policies. Critical factors such as government support, infrastructure and risk perception were identified as important in fostering a vibrant start-up ecosystem. This research contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial perceptions of start-up culture, particularly in the context of Jammu & Kashmir. Our findings provide valuable insights to promote an enabling environment for entrepreneurship and economic growth. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Entrepreneurial perception and start-up culture in Jammu & Kashmir: a demographic analysis

Authors: Gohar Abbas Khan; Irfan Bashir; Naveeda Seher; Mubashir Majid Baba

Addresses: Department of Management Studies, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India ' Department of Management Studies, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India ' Department of Management Studies, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India ' Department of Management Studies, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India

Abstract: This study examines entrepreneurial perceptions of start-up culture in Jammu & Kashmir, India, through a survey of 211 entrepreneurs across ten districts. Key dimensions examined include infrastructure development, access to finance, education and skills, government policies, perceptions of risk and failure, market access and political stability, analysed through demographic lenses of gender and age. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we collected data using a structured questionnaire administered to entrepreneurs through multistage cluster sampling and analysed using SPSS and SEM. The results highlight significant gender and age-based differences and emphasise the need for inclusive policies. Critical factors such as government support, infrastructure and risk perception were identified as important in fostering a vibrant start-up ecosystem. This research contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial perceptions of start-up culture, particularly in the context of Jammu & Kashmir. Our findings provide valuable insights to promote an enabling environment for entrepreneurship and economic growth.

Keywords: entrepreneurship; start-up culture; entrepreneurial perception; start-up dimensions.

DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2026.153582

International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2026 Vol.58 No.2, pp.224 - 256

Received: 17 May 2024
Accepted: 04 Sep 2024
Published online: 18 May 2026 *

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Title: Entrepreneurial perception and start-up culture in Jammu & Kashmir: a demographic analysis

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