Title: Supply chain equilibrium optimisation considering moderate resilience and costs

Authors: Lan Xu; Xinyi Yan

Addresses: School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212003, China ' School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212003, China

Abstract: Supply chain resilience (SCR) plays a significant role in coping with unexpected risks. In view of the problem that excessive improvement in resilience has undermined enterprise profits, this study constructs a three-level supply chain (SC) of supplier-manufacturer-demand market and pre-embedded resilience in the SC through three measures: multi-source procurement, safety inventory, and backup procurement. Combined with risk severity, SC disruption loss rate is introduced to adjust the equilibrium between moderate resilience and costs. To minimise SCR costs and SC disruption loss rate, and stabilise the ratio of resilience costs to SC disruption loss within an interval, we construct a multi-objective optimisation model considering sudden risk events and solve it using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The results indicate that adjusting the resilience improvement measures according to the SC losses caused by risks can reduce disruption losses while maintain low resilience costs.

Keywords: supply chain resilience; SCR; moderate resilience; MR; resilience costs; RCs; supply chain equilibrium; SCE.

DOI: 10.1504/IJADS.2026.151986

International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences, 2026 Vol.19 No.2, pp.202 - 224

Received: 19 Jun 2024
Accepted: 03 Nov 2024
Published online: 02 Mar 2026 *

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