Title: A two-tier sustainable supply chain model with the influence of carbon release under a fuzzy environment

Authors: Varuna Bhardwaj; Sunil Kumar; Vipin Kumar Tyagi

Addresses: SBAS, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University), Meerut, U.P., India ' Department of Mathematics, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University Mohali, Punjab, India ' SBAS, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University), Meerut, U.P., India

Abstract: Environmental sustainability is a worldwide issue in the present-day business management environment, and scholars have been concentrating broadly on this subject. It is difficult to run an organisation efficiently while ensuring the environment, and lots of companies have understood that they have to prioritise production with minimum waste and carbon emissions. Government measures to promote sustainability have also led corporations to emphasise minimising their carbon footprints across the supply chain by utilising green supply chain strategies. Green inventories contribute significantly to system design by minimising unfavourable environmental effects while enhancing positive economic and social consequences. In the course of production, keeping inventory, depreciation, shipping, and scrap management, the investigation evaluates concerns related to carbon emissions in both developer and vendor channels. In order to reduce total average expenses, a crisp model has been developed. Using the signed distance approach, the total average expenditure is defuzzified and proven to be convex with a unique approach. Both crisp and fuzzy scenarios undergo numerical analysis. Sensitivity analysis and visual representations are used to demonstrate how innovative the suggested technique is.

Keywords: sustainable; degradation; carbon emission; developer; vendor.

DOI: 10.1504/IJMOR.2026.151175

International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research, 2026 Vol.33 No.1, pp.113 - 131

Received: 19 Jan 2024
Accepted: 02 Feb 2024
Published online: 16 Jan 2026 *

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