Which clusters characteristics influence their governance? An appraisal of international cases Online publication date: Tue, 08-Jun-2021
by Michele Coletti; Paolo Landoni; Federico Frattini
International Journal of Competitiveness (IJC), Vol. 2, No. 1, 2021
Abstract: Clusters have been the subject of many studies in the last three decades. They are important drivers of regional development and many have attempted to replicate the most successful ones. Most cluster policies are designed with a 'one-size-fits-all' approach and the outcomes have often been below expectations; we here argue that the basis for cluster policy should be cluster governance. In this paper, we develop a typology of cluster governance that builds on two cluster variables: (i) prevailing focus of the cluster, being it knowledge creation- or knowledge-exploitation oriented; (ii) the presence or absence of one or more leading organisation. The former factor influences the predominant activities conducted in the cluster, while the latter influences its structure. Using a dozen of international cases to illustrate our framework, we discuss their common characteristics and distinctive features of the resulting four macro-types of cluster governance and highlight implications for policy-makers.
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