Title: Challenging the triple helix model of regional innovation systems: A venture-centric model

Authors: Malin Brannback, Alan Carsrud, Norris Krueger Jr., Jennie Elfving

Addresses: Abo Akademi University School of Business, Henriksgatan 7, FIN-20500, Turku, Finland. ' Florida International University, The Eugenio Pino & Family Global Entrepreneurship Center, University Park, VH130, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami FL 33199, USA. ' Entrepreneurship Northwest, 1632 South Riverstone Ln, Suite 304, Boise ID 83706, USA. ' Abo Akademi University School of Business, Henriksgatan 7, FIN 20500, Turku, Finland

Abstract: We offer a critical analysis of the triple helix model as a preferred basis for innovation systems. From a review of the research on innovation systems, it is argued that most models fail to include the entrepreneur and the innovator, as those models are macro-level concepts. It is suggested that this exclusion is a reason for low levels of entrepreneurial activity. We argue that the concepts of the entrepreneur and the innovator need to be treated as separate constructs. Structured interviews show that the key elements of the triple helix model such as governments, universities, and industries are not well integrated despite various efforts. The study shows that entrepreneurs and potential innovators (scientists and researchers) feel excluded or avoid involvement with government actors. The study questions the existing top-down triple helix model of innovation systems, as it discards the entrepreneurs. We offer a competing model based on reversed causation (a true bottom-up) double helix model.

Keywords: entrepreneurship; innovation systems; technology development; triple helix; regional innovation; reversed causation; double helix model.

DOI: 10.1504/IJTE.2008.020539

International Journal of Technoentrepreneurship, 2008 Vol.1 No.3, pp.257 - 277

Published online: 29 Sep 2008 *

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