Title: Optimising low-carbon supply chains in cross-border trade: a tripartite game model analysis

Authors: Chuan Yang; Feng Ding; Qianqian Wang; Zixia Chen

Addresses: Chongqing Vocational and Technical University of Mechatronics, Bishan District, Chongqing, China ' Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China ' Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China ' Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China

Abstract: This paper focuses on optimising low-carbon supply chains in cross-border trade. It develops a game model with government, enterprises and consumers to explore optimal low-carbon implementation strategies under carbon tariffs. By constructing a dynamic game model and deriving a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium, it analyses the interactions between government regulation, corporate strategies and consumer behaviour. The study shows that government investment and social welfare maximisation strongly influence corporate low-carbon strategies and consumer preferences for green products. This article innovatively proposes a tripartite game model to analyse the optimal strategies for low-carbon supply chain implementation under carbon tariffs. This study enriches the theoretical foundation of low-carbon supply chains in cross-border trade and offers a scientific basis for government policies and corporate low-carbon strategies.

Keywords: cross-border trade; low-carbon supply chain; game model; optimal strategy.

DOI: 10.1504/IJWMC.2026.150847

International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 2026 Vol.30 No.1, pp.1 - 9

Received: 01 Apr 2025
Accepted: 15 Jun 2025
Published online: 24 Dec 2025 *

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