Title: An Archimedean spiral antenna integrated with an epsilon-negative metamaterial reflector as microwave hyperthermia applicator for non-invasive treatment of early-stage skin cancer

Authors: Komalpreet Kaur; Amanpreet Kaur

Addresses: Computer Science and Engineering Department – CEC, Chandigarh Engineering College, CGC, Landran, India ' Electronics and Communication Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India

Abstract: Microwave hyperthermia (MHT) is an emerging non-invasive technique for treating cancer by selectively raising tumour temperatures to therapeutic levels. This manuscript presents the analysis and validation of a MHT applicator for treating both superficial and deep malignancies in the skin. This article shows the analysis and validation of a microwave hyperthermia (MHT) applicator for treating both superficial and deep malignancies in the skin. The proposed applicator consists of an Archimedean spiral micro-strip patch antenna (ASMPA) backed by epsilon-negative (ENG) metamaterial reflector (48 × 48 × 1.57 mm³) to enhance the heating efficiency. The proposed MHT applicator offers a frequency range from 2.4 GHz-2.53 GHz with a peak gain of 5.9 dB at 2.4 GHz. The simulation study of the MHT applicator with a realistic model of the human forearm using Penne's bio-heat equations, raising the target temperature to 41°C-45°C with a penetration depth of 32 mm. An effective field surface (EFS) of 32 × 32 mm² for deep-seated tumours. The specific absorption rate (SAR) is maintained at 7.5 W/kg for deep-seated tumour, ensuring safety. The design minimises hot spots while improving penetration depth and temperature control, making it a promising solution for targeted hyperthermia treatments.

Keywords: skin cancer; Archimedean spiral antenna; ENG metamaterial; microwave hyperthermia; temperature distribution.

DOI: 10.1504/IJBET.2025.150064

International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 2025 Vol.49 No.3, pp.233 - 262

Received: 28 Dec 2024
Accepted: 08 Jul 2025
Published online: 28 Nov 2025 *

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