Title: EU air passenger rights: challenges and legal developments

Authors: Viktória Kundi; Ildikó Ernszt

Addresses: Kautz Gyula Faculty of Economics, Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Széchenyi István University, 9026, Győr, Egyetem tér. 1., Hungary ' University Center for Circular Economy, University of Pannonia, Nagykanizsa, 8800, Zrínyi Street 18., Hungary

Abstract: This paper examines the terms and conditions of six major airlines operating in Europe, focusing on consumer protection and air passenger rights. It analyses how key information, such as policies on baggage, rebooking, and refunds, is presented on airline websites, and evaluates the clarity and accessibility of this information for passengers. The research also reviews recent legal developments in the European Union, particularly those concerning delays and market practices. It identifies gaps in consumer protection by assessing airline communication practices and the broader regulatory framework, and concludes by offering recommendations to enhance transparency and strengthen passenger rights in European air travel.

Keywords: tourism; aviation; low-cost airlines; national airlines; legislation; passenger rights; EU law; airlines; airline transparency.

DOI: 10.1504/IJTP.2025.149782

International Journal of Tourism Policy, 2025 Vol.15 No.5, pp.426 - 439

Received: 20 Feb 2025
Accepted: 14 Jul 2025
Published online: 12 Nov 2025 *

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