Title: Establishment and calibration of performance simulation model for hydrogen injector of fuel cell

Authors: Runing Li; Xing Feng; Zuyong Yang; Jian Zhang

Addresses: School of Automobile and Transportation, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, 300222, China ' College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China ' Guangdong BrightPower Digital Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528200, China ' College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China

Abstract: In order to meet the demand of the PEMFC digital prototype for high-precision simulation models of its key components, based on the analysis of the structure and working principle of the hydrogen injector, the mathematical model of the hydrogen injector was established according to the continuity equation and energy equation of gas flow. On this basis, the one-dimensional performance simulation model of the hydrogen injector was developed using Python computer language; a test bench for nozzle injection characteristics was setup. Compressed air was used to replace hydrogen. The nozzle injection characteristics were tested under different inlet and outlet pressures, and the test data of nozzle gas mass flow were obtained; through the test data and nozzle gas flow model, the orifice flow coefficient was determined to be 0.89, and the one-dimensional performance simulation model of hydrogen injector was calibrated; the accuracy of the one-dimensional performance simulation model of hydrogen injector is verified through various working conditions, and the accuracy of the simulation data can reach 97%, which lays a foundation for the development of the digital prototype of PEMFC.

Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cell; hydrogen injector; nozzle; digital prototype; model calibration.

DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2025.148449

International Journal of Powertrains, 2025 Vol.14 No.2, pp.130 - 142

Received: 27 Jan 2024
Accepted: 31 Aug 2024
Published online: 05 Sep 2025 *

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