Title: A framework model for synergising lean and Industry 4.0 in Indian heavy fabrication industries

Authors: R. Karthikeyan; J. Jerald; B.G. Aadithya; V. Pranaw; G.S. Ravichandran

Addresses: Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli – 620015, India ' Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli – 620015, India ' Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli – 620015, India ' Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli – 620015, India ' Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli – 620015, India

Abstract: In this digital and competitive world, lean and Industry 4.0 both are creating more impact and influence in the practice of today's manufacturing industries. Manufacturing development initiatives including lean and Industry 4.0 have piqued the attention of both academia and industry. When it comes to heavy fabrication industries, the strategy of lean and Industry 4.0 can be incorporated into a highly flexible operating environment to achieve more economic benefits by eliminating waste, resulting in enhanced flexibility, productivity, and profit. Many non-flow type organisations have begun their lean with Industry 4.0 journey but are still unable to sustain it. As a result, an effort is made to consolidate various lean and Industry 4.0 perspectives, namely barriers, principles, tools, and performance indicators, and a framework is established on how the implementation of lean with Industry 4.0 philosophies can be adopted systematically.

Keywords: lean manufacturing; LM; Industry 4.0; I4.0; barriers; tools; principles and performance measures.

DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2025.147156

International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 2025 Vol.35 No.3, pp.380 - 417

Received: 26 Apr 2023
Accepted: 18 Jun 2023
Published online: 11 Jul 2025 *

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