Prover-efficient commit-and-prove zero-knowledge SNARKs Online publication date: Sun, 21-Jan-2018
by Helger Lipmaa
International Journal of Applied Cryptography (IJACT), Vol. 3, No. 4, 2017
Abstract: Succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge arguments of knowledge (Zk-SNARKs) are needed in many applications. Unfortunately, all previous zk-SNARKs for interesting languages are either inefficient for the prover, or are non-adaptive and based on a commitment scheme that depends both on the prover's input and on the language, i.e., they are not commit-and-prove (CaP) SNARKs. We propose a proof-friendly extractable commitment scheme, and use it to construct prover-efficient adaptive CaP succinct zk-SNARKs for different languages, that can all reuse committed data. In new zk-SNARKs, the prover computation is dominated by a linear number of cryptographic operations. We use batch-verification to decrease the verifier's computation; importantly, batch-verification can be used also in QAP-based zk-SNARKs.
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