De novo synthesis of dioxins: a review
by Mengmei Zhang; Alfons Buekens
International Journal of Environment and Pollution (IJEP), Vol. 60, No. 1/2/3/4, 2016

Abstract: Laboratory studies are reviewed on the de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), in brief dioxins (PCDD/F). This synthesis starts from carbon, contained in either real or model incinerator fly-ash. It is influenced by reaction temperature and time, carbon, chlorides and catalyst in fly-ash and the composition of the gas phase. De novo tests look deceivingly simple, starting from the experimental set-up, procedures and results, yet there is wide-ranging variance in experimental results. The accompanying theories and explanations show profound divergence and dilemmas, the potential reasons of which are examined. The evident link with other chloro-aromatic classes, such as chlorophenols (CP), chlorobenzenes (CBz), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is also considered. Precursor routes and suppression are not treated. A second paper revisits the iron ore sintering data of European Union research project 'Minimisation of dioxins in thermal industrial processes: mechanisms, monitoring and abatement (MINIDIP)', as a concrete case-study illustrating this review.

Online publication date: Tue, 07-Feb-2017

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