Optimal control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in frequency regulation service Online publication date: Fri, 13-Feb-2015
by Zhihao Li; Navid Sabbaghi
International Journal of Powertrains (IJPT), Vol. 4, No. 1, 2015
Abstract: Growing penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) places significant impacts on grid, either as electric loads or potential valued vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services. This paper proposes an optimisation strategy to recharge PHEVs batteries with minimum charging cost as well as to produce desired power for grid frequency regulation. The cost arising from the battery charging and the revenue obtained by providing regulation are investigated and represented mathematically. Dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is applied to construct the problem and to compute the optimal controlling strategy for a fleet of PHEVs. Battery state-of-charge (SoC) and charging current are taken as the state factor and control factor of the objective function. Driving energy demand and regulation requirements are treated as disturbances in objective function. Pricing data in cost function and load data in objective function are original from PJM. Simulations are provided to illustrate the optimality of the proposed strategy in 24 hours with variations of parameters.
Existing subscribers:
Go to Inderscience Online Journals to access the Full Text of this article.
If you are not a subscriber and you just want to read the full contents of this article, buy online access here.Complimentary Subscribers, Editors or Members of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Powertrains (IJPT):
Login with your Inderscience username and password:
Want to subscribe?
A subscription gives you complete access to all articles in the current issue, as well as to all articles in the previous three years (where applicable). See our Orders page to subscribe.
If you still need assistance, please email subs@inderscience.com
Our Blog 
Follow us on Twitter 
Visit us on Facebook