Evaluation of a quail embryo model for the detection of botulinum toxin type A activity
by R. Jeff Buhr, Dianna V. Bourassa, Nelson A. Cox, L. Jason Richardson, Robert W. Phillips, Lynda C. Kelley
The Botulinum J. (TBJ), Vol. 1, No. 3, 2009

Abstract: Day 15 quail embryos were evaluated as a bioassay to detect biologically active botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A). Embryos injected with ≥20 ng BoNT had >74% determined nonviable; embryos injected with 10 to 0.5 ng BoNT were 70 to 45% nonviable; embryos injected with 1.0 to 0.1 ng BoNT were 59 to 18% nonviable. The LD₅₀ for quail embryos was approximately 0.2 ng BoNT/embryo (28 μg BoNT/kg of body weight). Injection with BoNT did not interfere with yolk sac retraction into the abdominal cavity, but did restrict aircell and eggshell pipping, initiating morbidity and nonviable status and enabling preemptive euthanasia.

Online publication date: Wed, 17-Feb-2010

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