A bi-objective approach to minimise cost and CO₂ emissions in intermodal freight transport for biomass energy
by Rizwan Shoukat; Xiaoqiang Zhang
International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics (IJSTL), Vol. 15, No. 3/4, 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the bi-objective problem of minimising cost and CO₂ emissions in the supply of biofuels for producing cheaper biomass energy in Pakistan. Our research studied the problem by taking wheat straw (WS) and Brassica campestris (BC) as biofuels for a biomass plant. The bi-objective problem has been formulated with a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. The data is obtained from one of the largest paper and board (P&B) industries in Pakistan. We solved our problem by applying a genetic algorithm (GA). Our results show a 50.4% saving by switching from road to road-rail transport to meet the demand of 1,000 tons of biofuels per day, as well as a 66.35% reduction in CO₂ emissions. Pareto optimal solutions generated by the genetic algorithm facilitate decision makers by trading off cost and CO₂ emissions. Moreover, this study can be extended by investigating the effects of biomass energy on the price of the product and markets.

Online publication date: Mon, 14-Nov-2022

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