Article Abstract

	Title:	Shortened double-walled carbon nanotubes by high-energy ball milling
	Author:	S.K. Smart, W.C. Ren, H.M. Cheng, G.Q. Lu, D.J. Martin
	Address:	School of Engineering, ARC for Functional Nanomaterials, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia. ' Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang, 110016, China. ' Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang, 110016, China. ' School of Engineering, ARC for Functional Nanomaterials Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia. ' School of Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
	Journal:	International Journal of Nanotechnology 2007 - Vol. 4, No.5  pp. 618 - 633
	Abstract:	Despite significant scientific interest, there are currently no widely accepted methods for the production or shortening of CNT that offer fine control over CNT length distribution. This paper reports the production of shortened double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT) by high-energy ball milling and their characterisation via TEM, SEM, Raman, TGA and XPS techniques. Image analysis showed that ball milling was effective at shortening DWNT; however, fine control of the tube length distribution was not possible. The high-energy milling was found to lead to DWNT destruction if samples were processed for longer than 4 min. Ball milling was also found to qualitatively increase amorphous carbon content. A slight increase in side wall oxidation with increased ball milling time was observed via XPS. These well characterised DWNT samples will be employed in polymer nanocomposite and CNT toxicology studies.
	Keywords:	double-walled carbon nanotubes; ball milling; nanotechnology; CNT shortening; CNT production; image analysis; fine control; tube length distribution; polymer nanocomposites; CNT toxicology; nanomanufacturing.
	DOI:	10.1504/IJNT.2007.014756
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