The full text of this article:

Multi-layered and conducting polymer-based biosensing membranes
by Yong J. Yuan
International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications (IJISTA), Vol. 1, No. 1/2, 2005
Abstract: The multi-layer membrane designs of enzyme-based electrode have been proven to be a successful approach for biosensing of formate, with substantial improvement in sensitivity and selectivity. The biological interferents can be eliminated by multi-layer designs and hydrodynamic analysis, prevented from oxidising on the gold substrate. Broad linear ranges of ferrocyanide-mediated formate biosensors have been achieved by discrete layered fabrication. The oxidised enzyme or co-factor can be reduced by a highly flexible redox mediator, which cannot diffuse out of the sensor. The use of multi-layer designs for mediated electron transfer can prevent the mediating species from diffusing away from the electrode surface, when the mediating reaction can take place in a volume, rather than at a surface. A more elaborate trilayer system which consists of mediating, biosensing and diffusion-limiting layers has been developed to eliminate biological interferents.

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