The full text of this article:

Development of a rear spoiler of a new type for mini-vans
by Inchul Kim, Xin Geng, Hualei Chen
International Journal of Vehicle Design (IJVD), Vol. 48, No. 1/2, 2008
Abstract: To reduce aerodynamic forces on mini-vans, we have developed a rear spoiler of a new type based on the principles of fluid dynamics and through numerical computations. The aerodynamic drag as well as lift on vehicles having a bluff back can be reduced when the new spoiler is attached to them. Numerical simulations show that the aerodynamic drag and lift on a mini-van moving at 30 m/s are reduced by 5% and more than 100%, respectively, when the new spoiler is attached to it.

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