The full text of this article:

A prototype underwater acoustic sensor network platform with topology-aware MAC scheme
by Fei Hu, Paul Tilghman, Yamin Malkawi, Yang Xiao
International Journal of Sensor Networks (IJSNET), Vol. 2, No. 5/6, 2007
Abstract: Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) can be used in ocean exploration and lake pollution monitoring. They use acoustic media to achieve sensor communications. UWSNs are essentially different from terrestrial RF-based sensor networks due to its highly variable, long propagation delay and mobility nature. In this paper, we first describe our experimental design of low-cost underwater sensor nodes for deployment in a shallow underwater environment. Then, we propose two UWSN Medium Access Control (MAC) enhancements that can adapt to long acoustic delay: (1) topology-ware scheduling scheme to save more energy and (2) a coordination protocol among neighbours to reduce the frame queuing delay during MAC operations. Our experimental results show the energy efficiency of our UWSN MAC protocol.

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